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إلزاميوثيقة
Core documents for EU customs clearance
EU customs clearance of any product from Türkiye relies on a standard set of documents. The exporter prepares the commercial invoice, always required (no set form; original and at least one copy; English translation recommended), and a packing list of the packages, their contents, marks and weights. The transport document depends on the mode: bill of lading, FIATA bill of lading, CMR, air waybill or CIM rail waybill; ATA carnets cover temporary admission and TIR carnets road transit. An insurance invoice is needed only if the commercial invoice does not show the insurance premium. The goods are declared to EU customs with the electronic H1 import declaration, which now carries the customs value data (usually the transaction value) instead of the old DV1 form. A certificate of non-preferential origin is required only where the rules opening certain agricultural quotas say so; for measures such as anti-dumping duties, customs may ask for other proof of origin.
Products outside the EU–Türkiye customs union, namely agricultural products of HS chapters 01 to 24 and steel products of chapters 72 and 73, receive the preferential (reduced or zero) duty only with a proof of preferential origin; for these products Türkiye belongs to the pan-Euro-Mediterranean group. The proof is either an origin declaration drawn up by the exporter on the invoice or another commercial document (invoice declaration), or a EUR.1 or EUR-MED movement certificate that a competent public authority issues and the exporter provides. It is required when the import declaration is lodged, so the EU importer must hold it and be ready to present it to customs in the member state of import.
Food with a contaminant at a toxicologically unacceptable level may not be placed on the EU market, and contaminants must be kept as low as good practice reasonably allows (Regulation (EEC) No 315/93). Regulation (EU) 2023/915 sets maximum levels, in foods such as nuts, dried fruit, cereals, spices, milk, fish and baby food, for mycotoxins (for example aflatoxins and ochratoxin A), plant toxins, metals, dioxins, PCBs and perfluoroalkyl substances, process contaminants like PAHs, and others including nitrates and melamine. A food listed in its Annex I that exceeds a limit may not be sold, used as an ingredient or blended with compliant food, nor chemically treated to strip out the contaminant. Specific EU measures target certain contaminants, such as aflatoxins, in food from certain third countries. Member state authorities check compliance under Regulations (EU) 2017/625 and 2022/932, and Regulation (Euratom) 2016/52 sets radioactivity limits after a nuclear accident.
EU authorisation for GM food and feed and for novel foods
Food or feed that consists of, contains or is produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) may be placed on the EU market, used or processed only if it is authorised and labelled under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. The single EU-wide procedure starts with an application to a member state's competent authority, with a dossier and risk assessment prepared under Regulation (EU) No 503/2013; EFSA assesses the risk, the Commission proposes a decision and the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health approves it. Authorised products are entered in the EU register of GM food and feed, and authorisations last up to 10 years and can be renewed. A novel food, meaning one not eaten to any significant extent in the EU before 15 May 1997, may be sold only after a safety assessment and once it is on the Union list, under the conditions of use and labelling set there (Regulations (EU) 2015/2283 and 2017/2470).
Pesticide maximum residue levels (MRLs) in food of plant and animal origin
Plant and animal products intended for human consumption must respect the EU maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticides set under Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, which covers products such as fruit, vegetables, cereals, spices and animal products; the values are in its annexes and the EU Pesticides Database. Plant protection products may contain only active substances approved at EU level (Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009). Animals and animal products may be imported only from countries in Annex -I to Regulation (EU) 2021/405, which requires the country to submit a residue monitoring plan; the list is set per product category, and Türkiye is listed for certain categories. Member state authorities enforce MRLs through EU and national control programmes and sampling (Regulations (EU) 2025/854, 2021/1355 and 2021/2244), and some non-animal products from certain countries face increased checks at border control posts under Regulation (EU) 2019/1793.
Veterinary medicine residue limits for food of animal origin
Food of animal origin may be exported to the EU only from countries on the residues list in Annex -I to Regulation (EU) 2021/405, which requires an annual residue monitoring plan approved by the Commission; the list is set by product category and includes Türkiye for some of them. Residues of pharmacologically active substances must stay within the EU maximum residue limits (MRLs) of Regulation (EU) No 37/2010. A consignment is rejected if it exceeds an MRL, contains a substance with no EU MRL or a prohibited one above its performance limit, or comes from animals given substances banned by Directive 96/22/EC, such as stilbenes or thyrostats. Antimicrobials reserved for human treatment may not be used for animals or animal products exported to the EU; from 3 September 2026 these must come from a country listed in Annex XVIa to Regulation (EU) 2021/405 with an official certificate (Regulation (EU) 2023/905). Member state laboratories may sample consignments on import.
Food and feed safety, traceability and importer responsibilities
Unsafe food or feed may not be placed on the EU market, and food and feed businesses must meet the obligations of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 at every stage of production and distribution. Imports must comply with EU food law or with conditions the EU recognises as at least equivalent, guaranteed by the exporting country's competent authority. Operators must be able to name their immediate supplier and immediate business customer (one step back, one step forward) and share this with the authorities on request; the rules stop at the EU border, but the EU importer must know who exported the product. Products must be labelled or identified to allow tracing, and stricter rules apply to goods such as animals, GMOs, fruit and vegetables, beef, fish, honey and olive oil. An operator with reason to believe imported food or feed is unsafe must start withdrawing it at once and inform the authorities.
Import conditions and border checks for food of animal origin
Food of animal origin may enter the EU only from a third country listed for that product, where such a list exists (Regulation (EU) 2021/405), and, for most products, from an establishment on the EU's approved lists (Regulation (EU) 2022/2292). Each consignment carries an official certificate on the EU model for the product, signed by the exporting country's competent authority. Production follows the hygiene rules of Regulations (EC) No 852/2004 and No 853/2004, including HACCP-based procedures, microbiological criteria and the cold chain, as well as EU animal health and slaughter welfare rules. The operator notifies the border control post in advance with a Common Health Entry Document (CHED); documentary, identity and physical checks follow under Regulation (EU) 2017/625, and customs release the goods for free circulation only against the official certificate issued after the checks. Imports may be suspended if a health risk arises.
Import conditions for animal products not meant for human consumption
Animal products not meant for human consumption may enter the EU only from a country on the relevant EU list (for animal by-products, Annex XIV to Regulation (EU) No 142/2011) and from an establishment approved for that type of product, such as a processing, pet food or biogas plant. Each consignment carries an official certificate signed on behalf of the exporting country's competent authority, on the model that fits the product and its intended use (Annex XV to the same Regulation). Products meant for animal feed must also meet the feed hygiene rules of Regulation (EC) No 183/2005, including registration of feed businesses and HACCP-based procedures. The operator lodges a Common Health Entry Document (CHED) with the border control post, which checks the consignment under Regulation (EU) 2017/625; customs release it only against the certificate issued after those checks. Imports may be suspended if a health risk such as a disease outbreak arises.
Organic products: certification and certificate of inspection (voluntary)
Selling a product as organic is voluntary, but any product bearing the EU organic logo or another reference to organic production must fully meet Regulation (EU) 2018/848: its production, processing, packaging, transport and storage rules, the GMO ban and operator certification. Imports qualify via a trade agreement recognising equivalence (Chile, Switzerland, the United Kingdom), via recognition of the exporting country until 31 December 2026 (Regulation (EU) 2021/2325) or, for other countries such as Türkiye, via certification by a control authority or body recognised by the EU (Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2021/1378). Each consignment needs a certificate of inspection issued in the exporting country under Regulation (EU) 2021/2306, which the importer submits in TRACES before arrival. Member state authorities check every consignment's documents, make random identity and risk-based physical checks, and endorse the certificate before release for free circulation.
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