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الزامیگواهی
Safety requirements and CE marking for low voltage electrical equipment
گواهی: CE marking
Electrical equipment designed for 50 to 1000 V alternating current or 75 to 1500 V direct current, such as appliances, lighting and wiring, must meet the essential safety requirements of Directive 2014/35/EU (Annex I), which protect people, domestic animals and property from electrical, mechanical, chemical and other risks. Harmonised standards give a presumption of conformity; where none exist, IEC international standards apply. No procedure under this Directive needs a notified body: the manufacturer assesses conformity itself (Module A of Annex III) and compiles the technical documentation. The manufacturer or its authorised representative issues an EU declaration of conformity (Annex IV model), kept with the documentation for 10 years. The CE marking goes clearly and permanently on the product, or else on the packaging and accompanying documents; market surveillance authorities and customs check compliance. Only for electrical equipment designed for 50-1000 V alternating current or 75-1500 V direct current. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 9405 11 40, 9405 11 50, 9405 11 90, 9405 19 40, 9405 19 50, 9405 19 90, 9405 21 40, 9405 21 50, 9405 21 90, 9405 29 40, 9405 29 50, 9405 29 90, 9405 31 00, 9405 39 00, 9405 41 10, 9405 41 31, 9405 41 39, 9405 42 10, 9405 42 31, 9405 42 39, 9405 49 10, 9405 49 40, 9405 49 90, 9405 61 20, 9405 61 80, 9405 69 20, 9405 69 80, 9405 91 10, 9405 91 90, 9405 92 00, 9405 99 00.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and CE marking for electrical and electronic apparatus
گواهی: CE marking
Electrical and electronic apparatus must meet the essential requirements of Directive 2014/30/EU (Annex I): its electromagnetic emissions must not stop radio, telecommunication or other equipment working as intended, and it must be immune enough to work properly despite the disturbance expected in normal use. The manufacturer follows a conformity assessment procedure from Annexes II and III, on its own or with a notified body, and compiles the technical documentation; harmonised standards give a presumption of conformity. The manufacturer or its authorised representative issues an EU declaration of conformity (Annex IV model), kept with the technical documentation for 10 years. The CE marking goes clearly and permanently on the product or its data plate (or the packaging and accompanying documents), with the notified body's number if one took part. Market surveillance authorities and customs enforce the rules. Only for electrical or electronic apparatus.
RoHS substance limits, CE marking and WEEE duties for electrical and electronic equipment
گواهی: CE marking
Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), including cables and spare parts, must not exceed the RoHS limits of Directive 2011/65/EU in homogeneous materials: 0.01 % by weight for cadmium and 0.1 % for lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBB, PBDE, DEHP, BBP, DBP and DIBP, save for Annex III and IV exemptions. Before placing EEE on the market, the manufacturer prepares technical documentation, carries out internal production control, issues an EU declaration of conformity, affixes the CE marking and marks its name, address and a type, batch or serial number on the product. Under Directive 2012/19/EU (WEEE), producers apply the Annex IX separate collection symbol, register with the competent authority and report data, guarantee financing for waste collection and treatment, and meet recovery targets. Since 28 June 2025, some products such as computers and smartphones must also meet the accessibility rules of Directive (EU) 2019/882. Only for electrical and electronic equipment within the scope of Directive 2011/65/EU, Directive 2012/19/EU or both.
A.TR movement certificate for industrial products under the EU–Türkiye customs union
Industrial products of HS chapters 25 to 97 fall under the EU–Türkiye customs union and can move freely between the two sides when an A.TR movement certificate shows their customs status. The EU importer therefore needs the A.TR for such goods to benefit from free circulation under the customs union. Agricultural products of chapters 01 to 24 and the steel products of chapters 72 and 73 are outside the customs union; for them a proof of preferential origin is needed instead: either the exporter's invoice declaration or a EUR.1 or EUR-MED movement certificate.
EU customs clearance of any product from Türkiye relies on a standard set of documents. The exporter prepares the commercial invoice, always required (no set form; original and at least one copy; English translation recommended), and a packing list of the packages, their contents, marks and weights. The transport document depends on the mode: bill of lading, FIATA bill of lading, CMR, air waybill or CIM rail waybill; ATA carnets cover temporary admission and TIR carnets road transit. An insurance invoice is needed only if the commercial invoice does not show the insurance premium. The goods are declared to EU customs with the electronic H1 import declaration, which now carries the customs value data (usually the transaction value) instead of the old DV1 form. A certificate of non-preferential origin is required only where the rules opening certain agricultural quotas say so; for measures such as anti-dumping duties, customs may ask for other proof of origin.
Airworthiness and environmental requirements for civil aircraft and their parts
Civil aircraft placed on the EU market must meet the essential requirements of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 and the environmental protection requirements of Annex 16 to the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation. The requirements extend to any product, part or appliance installed or meant to be installed in a civil aircraft and cover airworthiness (Annex II) and environmental compatibility (Annex III). Aircraft must hold the applicable airworthiness certificates; Regulations (EU) No 748/2012 and (EU) No 1321/2014 govern the related certificates and approvals, including specific rules for used aircraft imported from non-EU countries. The EU Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) ensures compliance, and applications for licences and certificates go to member states' national aviation authorities. Aircraft used for military, customs, police and similar public services are excluded. Only for products intended for use in civil aircraft. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 9405 11 40, 9405 19 40, 9405 19 90, 9405 61 20, 9405 61 80, 9405 69 20, 9405 92 00, 9405 99 00.
Import bans and restrictions on mercury and mercury-added products
Regulation (EU) 2017/852 bans or tightly restricts imports into the EU of mercury, some of its compounds and mixtures, and listed mercury-added products. The mercury-added products in its Annex II may not be imported from the dates set there; they include batteries, switches and relays, certain fluorescent and high-pressure lamps, cosmetics, pesticides, biocides, certain measuring devices and photographic film and paper. Products essential for civil protection or military use, and products for research, instrument calibration or reference standards, are exempt. Mercury and the mixtures in Annex I may enter only under conditions, either for disposal as waste or, with the importing member state's written consent, for a use allowed there. Dental amalgam may not be imported from 1 July 2026 unless a dentist considers it strictly necessary for a patient's specific medical needs. Only for mercury-added products as covered by Regulation (EU) 2017/852. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 9405 11 40, 9405 19 40.
General product safety and the responsible economic operator in the EU (GPSR)
Products placed or made available on the EU market, paid or free, must be safe under Regulation (EU) 2023/988 (GPSR), applicable since 13 December 2024 in place of Directive 2001/95/EC; it also covers used, repaired and reconditioned goods, but not medicines, food or feed, among others. Safety is judged under normal or reasonably foreseeable use, considering design, composition, packaging, instructions and warnings, the consumers concerned, child-appealing appearance and cybersecurity; products meeting European standards published in the Official Journal are presumed safe. Each product needs a responsible economic operator in the EU (manufacturer, authorised representative, importer or fulfilment service provider), whose name and postal and email addresses appear on the product, its packaging or an accompanying document. Businesses report dangerous products to national authorities through the Safety Business Gateway. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 9405 50 00.
EU customs clearance of any product from Türkiye relies on a standard set of documents. The exporter prepares the commercial invoice, always required (no set form; original and at least one copy; English translation recommended), and a packing list of the packages, their contents, marks and weights. The transport document depends on the mode: bill of lading, FIATA bill of lading, CMR, air waybill or CIM rail waybill; ATA carnets cover temporary admission and TIR carnets road transit. An insurance invoice is needed only if the commercial invoice does not show the insurance premium. The goods are declared to EU customs with the electronic H1 import declaration, which now carries the customs value data (usually the transaction value) instead of the old DV1 form. A certificate of non-preferential origin is required only where the rules opening certain agricultural quotas say so; for measures such as anti-dumping duties, customs may ask for other proof of origin.
A.TR movement certificate for industrial products under the EU–Türkiye customs union
Industrial products of HS chapters 25 to 97 fall under the EU–Türkiye customs union and can move freely between the two sides when an A.TR movement certificate shows their customs status. The EU importer therefore needs the A.TR for such goods to benefit from free circulation under the customs union. Agricultural products of chapters 01 to 24 and the steel products of chapters 72 and 73 are outside the customs union; for them a proof of preferential origin is needed instead: either the exporter's invoice declaration or a EUR.1 or EUR-MED movement certificate.
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