A.TR movement certificate for industrial products under the EU–Türkiye customs union
Industrial products of HS chapters 25 to 97 fall under the EU–Türkiye customs union and can move freely between the two sides when an A.TR movement certificate shows their customs status. The EU importer therefore needs the A.TR for such goods to benefit from free circulation under the customs union. Agricultural products of chapters 01 to 24 and the steel products of chapters 72 and 73 are outside the customs union; for them a proof of preferential origin is needed instead: either the exporter's invoice declaration or a EUR.1 or EUR-MED movement certificate.
EU customs clearance of any product from Türkiye relies on a standard set of documents. The exporter prepares the commercial invoice, always required (no set form; original and at least one copy; English translation recommended), and a packing list of the packages, their contents, marks and weights. The transport document depends on the mode: bill of lading, FIATA bill of lading, CMR, air waybill or CIM rail waybill; ATA carnets cover temporary admission and TIR carnets road transit. An insurance invoice is needed only if the commercial invoice does not show the insurance premium. The goods are declared to EU customs with the electronic H1 import declaration, which now carries the customs value data (usually the transaction value) instead of the old DV1 form. A certificate of non-preferential origin is required only where the rules opening certain agricultural quotas say so; for measures such as anti-dumping duties, customs may ask for other proof of origin.
Notification, consent and movement documents for waste imports
Waste imports into the EU are governed by Regulation (EU) 2024/1157, applicable since 21 May 2026 in place of Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006. Imports are prohibited unless conditions are met: waste for disposal needs prior written notification and the competent authorities' consent, while waste for recovery may come only from countries covered by the OECD Decision, Basel Convention parties, countries with an EU agreement or, in exceptional situations, other designated countries. For all waste for disposal, and for hazardous waste (Annex IV) and mixed municipal waste sent for recovery, notification documents and the written consent of every competent authority are needed before the shipment starts. Non-hazardous green-listed waste for recovery above 20 kg travels with a movement document containing the Annex VII information. Documents are exchanged electronically through the EU central system WAIS/DIWASS. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 2501 00 31, 2501 00 51, 2501 00 99.
Hazard classification, labelling and packaging of chemicals (CLP)
Chemical substances and mixtures are classified, labelled and packaged under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP) before being placed on the EU market, online and distance sales included. An EU-established supplier named on the label is responsible. The label of a classified product gives its name or identification number, the supplier's name, address and telephone number, the nominal quantity and, where relevant, a signal word, hazard pictograms and hazard and precautionary statements, in the official language(s) of the member state of sale. Since 1 July 2026 these elements must be on a physical label, which a digital label may supplement. Packaging of hazardous products must be leak-proof, resistant to its contents and sturdy, with secure closures; some products also need child-resistant fastenings and tactile warnings. Member states' market surveillance authorities enforce these rules. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 2501 00 10, 2501 00 31, 2501 00 51, 2501 00 99.
Food labelling: mandatory information for consumers
Food sold in the EU must carry the mandatory information of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011: the legal name of the food, the ingredients by descending weight with allergens highlighted, the quantity of key ingredients where required, the net quantity, a best-before or use-by date, any special storage or use conditions, the lot mark, the alcoholic strength of products with more than 1.2 % alcohol and, for processed food, a nutrition declaration (energy, fat, saturates, carbohydrate, sugars, protein, salt). Origin must be stated where omitting it could mislead, and for certain meats. On prepacked food these particulars go on the package or an attached label, clearly legible, indelible and written in the member state's official language(s), and must not mislead or claim to prevent or cure disease. Additional rules cover GM food, foods for specific groups, additives (category plus name or E number), spirit drinks, organic food and the origin of certain fresh meat. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 2501 00 91.
Food with a contaminant at a toxicologically unacceptable level may not be placed on the EU market, and contaminants must be kept as low as good practice reasonably allows (Regulation (EEC) No 315/93). Regulation (EU) 2023/915 sets maximum levels, in foods such as nuts, dried fruit, cereals, spices, milk, fish and baby food, for mycotoxins (for example aflatoxins and ochratoxin A), plant toxins, metals, dioxins, PCBs and perfluoroalkyl substances, process contaminants like PAHs, and others including nitrates and melamine. A food listed in its Annex I that exceeds a limit may not be sold, used as an ingredient or blended with compliant food, nor chemically treated to strip out the contaminant. Specific EU measures target certain contaminants, such as aflatoxins, in food from certain third countries. Member state authorities check compliance under Regulations (EU) 2017/625 and 2022/932, and Regulation (Euratom) 2016/52 sets radioactivity limits after a nuclear accident. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 2501 00 91.
EU authorisation for GM food and feed and for novel foods
Food or feed that consists of, contains or is produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) may be placed on the EU market, used or processed only if it is authorised and labelled under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. The single EU-wide procedure starts with an application to a member state's competent authority, with a dossier and risk assessment prepared under Regulation (EU) No 503/2013; EFSA assesses the risk, the Commission proposes a decision and the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health approves it. Authorised products are entered in the EU register of GM food and feed, and authorisations last up to 10 years and can be renewed. A novel food, meaning one not eaten to any significant extent in the EU before 15 May 1997, may be sold only after a safety assessment and once it is on the Union list, under the conditions of use and labelling set there (Regulations (EU) 2015/2283 and 2017/2470). Under this code it applies only to CN codes 2501 00 91.
Hygiene and border checks for food of non-animal origin
Food of non-animal origin must meet the hygiene rules of Regulation (EC) No 852/2004, which also bind food business operators in third countries: own safety monitoring, hygiene at every stage, HACCP-based procedures, registered or approved establishments and, for some products, microbiological criteria (Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005). Only food additives on the approved EU lists may be used. Under Regulations (EU) 2017/625 and 2019/1793, certain foods from certain countries face temporarily increased border checks (Annex I) or emergency measures (Annex II, with an official certificate from the competent authority of the country of origin or dispatch). These goods are notified to the border control post in advance with a Common Health Entry Document (CHED), and customs release them only against the certificate issued after the checks. For goods without a CHED, member states may require a notification of arrival in TRACES (Regulation (EU) 2024/2104). Under this code it applies only to CN codes 2501 00 91.
Food and feed safety, traceability and importer responsibilities
Unsafe food or feed may not be placed on the EU market, and food and feed businesses must meet the obligations of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 at every stage of production and distribution. Imports must comply with EU food law or with conditions the EU recognises as at least equivalent, guaranteed by the exporting country's competent authority. Operators must be able to name their immediate supplier and immediate business customer (one step back, one step forward) and share this with the authorities on request; the rules stop at the EU border, but the EU importer must know who exported the product. Products must be labelled or identified to allow tracing, and stricter rules apply to goods such as animals, GMOs, fruit and vegetables, beef, fish, honey and olive oil. An operator with reason to believe imported food or feed is unsafe must start withdrawing it at once and inform the authorities. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 2501 00 91, 2501 00 99.
Authorisation and labelling of plant protection and biocidal products
Plant protection products and biocidal products must be authorised before sale in the EU, and their active substances must be approved. Plant protection products are authorised under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 by the member state where they will be marketed, based on a dossier; their labels follow Regulation (EU) No 547/2011 (Regulation (EU) 2026/1123 for applications from 1 January 2028) and must include a digital label by 1 January 2030. Biocidal products are authorised under Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 nationally with mutual recognition, at Union level or by a simplified procedure. A biocide label shows each active substance and its concentration, the authorisation number and holder, directions for use, side effects, first aid and safe disposal, and may not carry claims such as non-toxic or natural. CLP rules also apply, and member states may ask for consignment arrivals to be notified in TRACES. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 2501 00 10, 2501 00 31, 2501 00 51, 2501 00 99.
REACH registration, authorisation and restriction of chemicals
REACH (Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006) covers in principle all chemicals placed on the EU market, on their own, in mixtures or in articles like furniture, clothing or electrical appliances. A company that manufactures or imports a substance at one tonne or more a year must register it with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) with a technical dossier, plus a chemical safety report from 10 tonnes a year; unregistered substances may not be placed on the market. Substances of very high concern in Annex XIV are subject to authorisation, the Annex XVII restrictions bind everyone in the supply chain, and the persistent organic pollutants listed in Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 may not be imported. A supplier of an article containing a Candidate List substance above 0.1 % by weight must give recipients enough information for safe use, at least the substance name, and provide it to consumers free of charge within 45 days of a request.
العلامة ليست شركة. العبوة تثبت العلامة؛ والشركة التي وراءها لا تُعرض إلا حيث يذكرها سجل العبوة، وكما ذُكرت. العبوات يُدخلها الجمهور، لذلك يُذكر في كل سطر شهر آخر تعديل لأحدث عبوة.
نقرأ الملف اليومي الذي تنشره قاعدة البيانات لكل العبوات. نأخذ من كل عبوة علامتها، وبلدان بيعها، وأخصّ فئاتها ومكوّناتها، ويوم آخر تعديل لسجلها. نعدّ عبوات كل علامة بحسب البلد وبحسب الفئة أو المكوّن. تُطابَق الفئة أو المكوّن برمز في التعريفة الجمركية بحسب الاسم: الرمز الذي تذكره قاعدة البيانات نفسها، وإلا فعناوين التعريفة نفسها؛ وما لا يطابق رمزًا واحدًا يُترك. تُترك العلامة التي مضى على آخر تعديل لأحدث عبواتها أكثر من خمس سنوات، وتُعرض لكل بلد ورمز 300 علامة هي الأكثر عبواتٍ. لا يُغيَّر ولا يُضاف شيء آخر. (Open Database Licence، البند 4.6.)
ألمانياF26-163051مفتوحةمستوردون وموزعونمتوقع