Product export scorecard · GTİP 2915.70.40Palmitic acid and its salts and estersOfficial Turkish text: Palmitik asit ve bunların tuzları ve esterleri
The largest importer of this subheading (HS 2915.70) is United States: US$118m in 2025; Türkiye's share there is 0.3%. This market's largest supplier is Indonesia (33%). Türkiye exported €10.9m of this product's subheading (HS 2915.70) in 2025, rank 1,583 among its exports. For heading 2915, Türkiye's share in Saudi Arabia is 0.3%: US$275k in the 12 months to April 2026. Official lists name 168 companies abroad that import it.
From official statistics and the tenders on Birlesa, each with its source and date; refreshed as new tenders arrive.
News for this product
New tenders and purchase requests, Türkiye's new duties, duties and recalls abroad, new requirements and buying signals: by e-mail, with a free account.
Source: Eurostat, Comext DS-059341. Growth rates and shares are calculated by Birlesa from Eurostat's figures; Eurostat bears no responsibility for them.
The largest importers of subheading HS 2915.70: each country's own reported imports, in the latest year it has reported. The largest first.
CountryIts importsQuantityPrice a kilogramFrom Türkiye
1United States2025 · As United States reports
Its imports
US$118m
Quantity
Not reported
Price a kilogram
—No price can be worked out
From Türkiye
US$405k0.3% share
2China2025 · As China reports
Its imports
US$87.8m
Quantity
66.4m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$1.32estimated
From Türkiye
US$12.5k0% share
3Germany2025 · As Germany reports
Its imports
US$74.4m
Quantity
31m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$2.40estimated
From Türkiye
US$225k0.3% share
4Canada2025 · As Canada reports
Its imports
US$72.3m
Quantity
35.6m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$2.03estimated
From Türkiye
Not reported
5Malaysia2025 · As Malaysia reports
Its imports
US$71.1m
Quantity
47.3m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.50
From Türkiye
Not reported
6Japan2025 · As Japan reports
Its imports
US$63.9m
Quantity
34.4m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.86
From Türkiye
Not reported
7India2025 · As India reports
Its imports
US$61.1m
Quantity
36.1m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$1.69estimated
From Türkiye
US$940% share
8Saudi Arabia2025 · As Saudi Arabia reports
Its imports
US$55m
Quantity
27.3m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.01
From Türkiye
Not reported
9France2025 · As France reports
Its imports
US$51.9m
Quantity
18.7m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$2.77estimated
From Türkiye
Not reported
10Nigeria2025 · As Nigeria reports
Its imports
US$49.9m
Quantity
22.4m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$2.23estimated
From Türkiye
Not reported
The Gulf and Iraq
Those outside the first 10, with their place in the ranking.
24United Arab Emirates2023 · As United Arab Emirates reports
Its imports
US$18m
Quantity
8.94m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.02
From Türkiye
US$20.8k0.1% share
41Bahrain2024 · As Bahrain reports
Its imports
US$7m
Quantity
Ranked by each country's imports from the world (US dollars, CIF value) in the latest year it has reported. 149 countries have figures for this subheading; 48 of them report imports from Türkiye.
The price a kilogram is the import value divided by the net weight (the year's average, CIF). No price is shown where there is no weight.
A weight marked “estimated” is UN Comtrade's estimate, where the country reported none; the price a kilogram worked out from it is an estimate too.
Official lists name the companies that import exactly this subheading, 2915.70. Every count has its list and its dates beside it.
168companies named as importers in 2 countries
United Kingdom
Canada
The lists name whoever declared the goods to customs: a carrier or a customs broker may stand for its clients. The count of other products beside each name tells them apart.
The code
EU Combined Nomenclature code (8 digits)
GTİP 2915.70.40
Palmitic acid and its salts and esters
Official Turkish title: Palmitik asit ve bunların tuzları ve esterleri
Its place in the tariff
Chapter 29Organic chemicals
Heading Acids; saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives
Subheading Acids; saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids; palmitic acid, stearic acid, their salts and esters
Türkiye exported €10.9m of HS 2915.70 in 2025: rank 1,583 of 5,132 subheadings.
Source: Eurostat, Comext DS-059341 (the figures Türkiye declared). The ranking is calculated by Birlesa from Eurostat's figures; Eurostat bears no responsibility for it.
2As Türkiye reports (no figures of the market's own)
From Türkiye, 12 months
€5.86m-14.1%
Market's imports
Not published
In EU member markets, industrial goods enter duty-free with an A.TR movement certificate under Decision 1/95 of the EC-Turkey Association Council (the Customs Union); coal and steel products under the 1996 ECSC agreement, with a EUR.1. Agricultural products' rate is TARIC's. Trade-defence measures such as anti-dumping duties apply on top.
Ranked by Türkiye's own exports over 12 months, as Türkiye reports them, in one currency for every market; then by their growth. Each row shows the market's own figures where it publishes them. 62 markets have figures for this heading.
Source: Eurostat, Comext DS-059341. Growth rates and shares are calculated by Birlesa from Eurostat's figures; Eurostat bears no responsibility for them.
50% of eligible expenses, up to 75% under the conditions below
On the stand's area in square metres, at most 5 fairs a year (10 for the participants and makers the circular qualifies). 70% in the Ministry's target countries, 75% in its target countries and sectors.
Company name for membersAberdeenImported it, by customs records · codes 2915.70.40, 2915.70.50Imported in 24 of the last 24 monthslast: August 2026imports 8 other products
Company name for membersGuildfordImported it, by customs records · codes 2915.70.40, 2915.70.50Imported in 24 of the last 24 monthslast: August 2026imports 295 other products: a general importer, or a carrier or a customs broker declaring for others
Company name for membersBradfordImported it, by customs records · codes 2915.70.50Imported in 22 of the last 24 monthslast: August 2026imports 105 other products: a general importer, or a carrier or a customs broker declaring for others
Company name for membersStockportImported it, by customs records · codes 2915.70.40Imported in 22 of the last 24 monthslast: August 2026imports 249 other products: a general importer, or a carrier or a customs broker declaring for others
Company name for membersRedhillImported it, by customs records · codes 2915.70.40, 2915.70.50Imported in 21 of the last 24 monthslast: July 2026imports 125 other products: a general importer, or a carrier or a customs broker declaring for others
Company name for membersWyses Corner, Nova ScotiaAmong its major importers, by the official list · from IndonesiaListed in 2 of the last 2 yearslast: 2024imports 1 other product
Company name for membersWolfville, Nova ScotiaAmong its major importers, by the official list · from Indonesia and MalaysiaListed in 2 of the last 2 yearslast: 2024imports 1 other product
Company name for membersBrantford, OntarioAmong its major importers, by the official list · from United StatesListed in 2 of the last 2 yearslast: 2024imports 8 other products
Company name for membersBrantford, OntarioAmong its major importers, by the official list · from United StatesListed in 2 of the last 2 yearslast: 2024imports 8 other products
Company name for membersLévis, QuebecAmong its major importers, by the official list · from MalaysiaListed in 2 of the last 2 yearslast: 2024imports 9 other products
Buys from:Malaysia 56% · Singapore 28% · United Arab Emirates 8.4% · Türkiye 0.21% (no. 8) · and 6 more countries
1MalaysiaShare 56%
Its imports
US$935k
Quantity
512,937 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.82
2SingaporeShare 28%
98Qatar2024 · As Qatar reports
Its imports
US$335k
Quantity
168,339 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.99
From Türkiye
Not reported
Buys from:Singapore 52% · India 17% · China 17% · and 1 more country
1SingaporeShare 52%
Its imports
US$173k
Quantity
100,000 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.73
2IndiaShare 17%
Its imports
106Kuwait2025 · As Kuwait reports
Its imports
US$144k
Quantity
Not reported
Price a kilogram
—No price can be worked out
From Türkiye
Not reported
Buys from:China 44% · India 41% · Malaysia 14% · and 3 more countries
1ChinaShare 44%
Its imports
US$62.8k
Quantity
14,575 kg
Price a kilogram
US$4.31
2IndiaShare 41%
Its imports
“Buys from” lists the countries each market's own report names for its imports (as a rule the country of origin): the eight largest, and Türkiye whatever its place. A share is of that market's total imports of this subheading. Open a line for each supplier's value, quantity and price a kilogram.
Buys from:Indonesia 33% · Malaysia 25% · India 9.7% · Türkiye 0.34% (no. 17) · and 24 more countries
1IndonesiaShare 33%
Its imports
US$39.4m
Quantity
20.2m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.95
2MalaysiaShare 25%
Its imports
US$29.9m
Quantity
12.5m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.39
3IndiaShare 9.7%
Its imports
US$11.4m
Quantity
4.63m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.46
4SingaporeShare 7.1%
Its imports
US$8.39m
Quantity
3.31m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.53
5CanadaShare 5.8%
Its imports
US$6.85m
Quantity
2.79m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.45
6JapanShare 2.6%
Its imports
US$3.11m
Quantity
239,660 kg
Price a kilogram
US$12.99
7FranceShare 2.2%
Its imports
US$2.6m
Quantity
339,496 kg
Price a kilogram
US$7.65
8ItalyShare 1.9%
Its imports
US$2.29m
Quantity
654,007 kg
Price a kilogram
US$3.50
17TürkiyeShare 0.34%
Its imports
US$405k
Quantity
174,935 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.32
From areas the report does not name as a country: 1.1%.
Buys from:Indonesia 69% · Malaysia 16% · South Korea 2.2% · Türkiye 0.014% (no. 22) · and 26 more countries
1IndonesiaShare 69%
Its imports
US$60.9m
Quantity
54.8m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.11
2MalaysiaShare 16%
Its imports
US$14.2m
Quantity
8.66m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.64
3South KoreaShare 2.2%
Its imports
US$1.94m
Quantity
501,946 kg
Price a kilogram
US$3.86
4JapanShare 2.1%
Its imports
US$1.86m
Quantity
192,626 kg
Price a kilogram
US$9.67
5United StatesShare 1.5%
Its imports
US$1.35m
Quantity
93,480 kg
Price a kilogram
US$14.42
6GermanyShare 1.1%
Its imports
US$975k
Quantity
174,542 kg
Price a kilogram
US$5.59
7SpainShare 0.77%
Its imports
US$677k
Quantity
48,107 kg
Price a kilogram
US$14.07
8IndiaShare 0.65%
Its imports
US$572k
Quantity
217,339 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.63
22TürkiyeShare 0.014%
Its imports
US$12.5k
Quantity
4,600 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.71
From areas the report does not name as a country: 3.2%.
Buys from:Malaysia 25% · Italy 14% · Spain 12% · Türkiye 0.3% (no. 16) · and 27 more countries
1MalaysiaShare 25%
Its imports
US$18.9m
Quantity
8.23m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$2.29estimated
2ItalyShare 14%
Its imports
US$10.7m
Quantity
4m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$2.66estimated
3SpainShare 12%
Its imports
US$8.84m
Quantity
3.48m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.54
4NetherlandsShare 11%
Its imports
US$8.5m
Quantity
3.93m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$2.16estimated
5IndonesiaShare 9.5%
Its imports
US$7.05m
Quantity
3.31m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$2.13estimated
6BelgiumShare 8%
Its imports
US$5.99m
Quantity
2.5m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.39
7IndiaShare 6.5%
Its imports
US$4.83m
Quantity
2.64m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$1.83estimated
8FranceShare 3.6%
Its imports
US$2.68m
Quantity
382,135 kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$7.02estimated
16TürkiyeShare 0.3%
Its imports
US$225k
Quantity
92,286 kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$2.44estimated
From areas the report does not name as a country: 0.0017%.
Buys from:Malaysia 32% · United States 31% · Indonesia 28% · and 17 more countries
1MalaysiaShare 32%
Its imports
US$23.1m
Quantity
14.4m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.61
2United StatesShare 31%
Its imports
US$22.3m
Quantity
6.72m kg
Price a kilogram
US$3.31
3IndonesiaShare 28%
Its imports
US$20.5m
Quantity
12.7m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$1.62estimated
4IndiaShare 3.2%
Its imports
US$2.31m
Quantity
948,369 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.44
5SingaporeShare 1.8%
Its imports
US$1.33m
Quantity
483,199 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.75
6JapanShare 1.4%
Its imports
US$1.04m
Quantity
19,078 kg
Price a kilogram
US$54.71
7FranceShare 0.7%
Its imports
US$510k
Quantity
43,912 kg
Price a kilogram
US$11.61
8ItalyShare 0.55%
Its imports
US$400k
Quantity
89,576 kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$4.46estimated
From areas the report does not name as a country: 0.0034%.
Buys from:Indonesia 81% · China 5.9% · Italy 2.2% · and 22 more countries
1IndonesiaShare 81%
Its imports
US$57.3m
Quantity
39.6m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.45
2ChinaShare 5.9%
Its imports
US$4.23m
Quantity
2.85m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.49
3ItalyShare 2.2%
Its imports
US$1.59m
Quantity
1.19m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.34
4SingaporeShare 2%
Its imports
US$1.45m
Quantity
541,694 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.68
5IndiaShare 1.8%
Its imports
US$1.27m
Quantity
360,629 kg
Price a kilogram
US$3.52
6IranShare 1.5%
Its imports
US$1.07m
Quantity
648,000 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.66
7JapanShare 1.3%
Its imports
US$929k
Quantity
143,906 kg
Price a kilogram
US$6.45
8ThailandShare 0.74%
Its imports
US$529k
Quantity
248,375 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.13
From areas the report does not name as a country: 2.1%.
Buys from:Malaysia 41% · Indonesia 36% · China 6.2% · and 13 more countries
1MalaysiaShare 41%
Its imports
US$26.3m
Quantity
15m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.75
2IndonesiaShare 36%
Its imports
US$22.9m
Quantity
13.9m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.65
3ChinaShare 6.2%
Its imports
US$3.93m
Quantity
1.79m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.20
4South KoreaShare 4.5%
Its imports
US$2.87m
Quantity
721,210 kg
Price a kilogram
US$3.97
5SingaporeShare 3.7%
Its imports
US$2.34m
Quantity
1.12m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.09
6ThailandShare 1.7%
Its imports
US$1.1m
Quantity
586,023 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.88
7United StatesShare 1.7%
Its imports
US$1.09m
Quantity
63,329 kg
Price a kilogram
US$17.13
8IndiaShare 0.84%
Its imports
US$535k
Quantity
289,600 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.85
From areas the report does not name as a country: 3.6%.
Buys from:Indonesia 26% · China 26% · Malaysia 15% · Türkiye 0.0002% (no. 32) · and 31 more countries
1IndonesiaShare 26%
Its imports
US$16.1m
Quantity
12.2m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.32
2ChinaShare 26%
Its imports
US$15.6m
Quantity
12.7m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$1.23estimated
3MalaysiaShare 15%
Its imports
US$9.37m
Quantity
5.99m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$1.56estimated
4NetherlandsShare 12%
Its imports
US$7.07m
Quantity
1.91m kg
Price a kilogram
US$3.70
5United StatesShare 7.1%
Its imports
US$4.32m
Quantity
299,740 kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$14.40estimated
6ThailandShare 4.5%
Its imports
US$2.72m
Quantity
1.25m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.18
7FranceShare 2.7%
Its imports
US$1.64m
Quantity
181,265 kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$9.07estimated
8SingaporeShare 1.6%
Its imports
US$984k
Quantity
435,406 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.26
32TürkiyeShare 0.0002%
Its imports
US$94
Quantity
20 kg
Price a kilogram
US$4.70
From areas the report does not name as a country: 0.22%.
Buys from:Indonesia 35% · Malaysia 17% · India 16% · and 17 more countries
1IndonesiaShare 35%
Its imports
US$19.3m
Quantity
11.1m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.74
2MalaysiaShare 17%
Its imports
US$9.24m
Quantity
4.78m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.93
3IndiaShare 16%
Its imports
US$8.6m
Quantity
4.66m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.85
4GermanyShare 9%
Its imports
US$4.94m
Quantity
1.41m kg
Price a kilogram
US$3.50
5ChinaShare 8.4%
Its imports
US$4.63m
Quantity
1.84m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.51
6SingaporeShare 7.4%
Its imports
US$4.09m
Quantity
1.98m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.07
7NetherlandsShare 2.4%
Its imports
US$1.35m
Quantity
431,047 kg
Price a kilogram
US$3.13
8United KingdomShare 1.4%
Its imports
US$756k
Quantity
27,255 kg
Price a kilogram
US$27.72
From areas the report does not name as a country: 0.028%.
Buys from:Belgium 18% · Italy 16% · Netherlands 15% · and 25 more countries
1BelgiumShare 18%
Its imports
US$9.53m
Quantity
3.52m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.71
2ItalyShare 16%
Its imports
US$8.06m
Quantity
2.99m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.69
3NetherlandsShare 15%
Its imports
US$7.64m
Quantity
3.1m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$2.47estimated
4SpainShare 13%
Its imports
US$6.64m
Quantity
2.79m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.38
5GermanyShare 12%
Its imports
US$6.39m
Quantity
2.17m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.94
6MalaysiaShare 8.5%
Its imports
US$4.39m
Quantity
1.93m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$2.28estimated
7SingaporeShare 5.5%
Its imports
US$2.86m
Quantity
281,036 kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$10.16estimated
8United StatesShare 3.9%
Its imports
US$2.04m
Quantity
209,571 kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$9.73estimated
From areas the report does not name as a country: 0.22%.
Buys from:Malaysia 54% · Indonesia 20% · United Arab Emirates 11% · and 13 more countries
1MalaysiaShare 54%
Its imports
US$27.1m
Quantity
1.91m kg
Price a kilogram
US$14.15
2IndonesiaShare 20%
Its imports
US$9.8m
Quantity
13.8m kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$0.7076estimated
3United Arab EmiratesShare 11%
Its imports
US$5.72m
Quantity
34,920 kg
Price a kilogram
US$163.84
4ChinaShare 7.2%
Its imports
US$3.6m
Quantity
3.41m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.06
5IndiaShare 5.1%
Its imports
US$2.56m
Quantity
1.38m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.85
6SingaporeShare 1.6%
Its imports
US$805k
Quantity
1.55m kg
Price a kilogram
US$0.5184
7ThailandShare 0.23%
Its imports
US$117k
Quantity
50,400 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.32
8South KoreaShare 0.17%
Its imports
US$84.3k
Quantity
179,270 kg
Price a kilogram
US$0.4702
Buys from:Singapore 40% · India 28% · Malaysia 19% · Türkiye 0.12% (no. 15) · and 19 more countries
1SingaporeShare 40%
Its imports
US$7.19m
Quantity
3.68m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.95
2IndiaShare 28%
Its imports
US$5.11m
Quantity
2.27m kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.25
3MalaysiaShare 19%
Its imports
US$3.35m
Quantity
2.06m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.62
4ChinaShare 6.7%
Its imports
US$1.22m
Quantity
570,793 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.13
5IndonesiaShare 1.7%
Its imports
US$305k
Quantity
132,630 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.30
6United StatesShare 1.1%
Its imports
US$199k
Quantity
28,602 kg
Price a kilogram
US$6.96
7SpainShare 0.65%
Its imports
US$117k
Quantity
11,234 kg
Price a kilogram
US$10.44
8South KoreaShare 0.57%
Its imports
US$103k
Quantity
30,797 kg
Price a kilogram
US$3.34
15TürkiyeShare 0.12%
Its imports
US$20.8k
Quantity
21,000 kg
Price a kilogram
US$0.9905
From areas the report does not name as a country: 0.044%.
Buys from:Malaysia 62% · Singapore 32% · Italy 4.3% · and 4 more countries
1MalaysiaShare 62%
Its imports
US$4.33m
Quantity
2.35m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.84
2SingaporeShare 32%
Its imports
US$2.22m
Quantity
1.19m kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.87
3ItalyShare 4.3%
Its imports
US$301k
Quantity
168,000 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.79
4ChinaShare 2%
Its imports
US$140k
Quantity
70,500 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.98
5IndiaShare 0.098%
Its imports
US$6.87k
Quantity
3,552 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.93
6IndonesiaShare 0.015%
Its imports
US$1.05k
Quantity
700 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.50
7United StatesShare 0.0033%
Its imports
US$234
Quantity
—Not reported
Price a kilogram
—No price can be worked out
Its imports
US$462k
Quantity
253,440 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.82
3United Arab EmiratesShare 8.4%
Its imports
US$140k
Quantity
43,378 kgestimated
Price a kilogram
US$3.23estimated
4GermanyShare 3.8%
Its imports
US$63k
Quantity
15,246 kg
Price a kilogram
US$4.13
5NetherlandsShare 1.6%
Its imports
US$27k
Quantity
9,700 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.79
6IndiaShare 1.4%
Its imports
US$23.5k
Quantity
13,040 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.80
7BelgiumShare 0.7%
Its imports
US$11.6k
Quantity
1,021 kg
Price a kilogram
US$11.38
8TürkiyeShare 0.21%
Its imports
US$3.42k
Quantity
1,304 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.62
US$58.3k
Quantity
29,103 kg
Price a kilogram
US$2.00
3ChinaShare 17%
Its imports
US$58.1k
Quantity
35,000 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.66
4CzechiaShare 13%
Its imports
US$45k
Quantity
4,236 kg
Price a kilogram
US$10.62
US$59.1k
Quantity
48,000 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.23
3MalaysiaShare 14%
Its imports
US$20.1k
Quantity
10,320 kg
Price a kilogram
US$1.94
4IndonesiaShare 0.54%
Its imports
US$780
Quantity
175 kg
Price a kilogram
US$4.46
5United StatesShare 0.43%
Its imports
US$617
Quantity
—Not reported
Price a kilogram
—No price can be worked out
6EgyptShare 0.14%
Its imports
US$196
Quantity
10 kg
Price a kilogram
US$19.60
1 Turkish anti-dumping dutySource: Türkiye's anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures and investigations (Ministry of Trade's lists)