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الزامیمدرک
Core documents for EU customs clearance
EU customs clearance of any product from Türkiye relies on a standard set of documents. The exporter prepares the commercial invoice, always required (no set form; original and at least one copy; English translation recommended), and a packing list of the packages, their contents, marks and weights. The transport document depends on the mode: bill of lading, FIATA bill of lading, CMR, air waybill or CIM rail waybill; ATA carnets cover temporary admission and TIR carnets road transit. An insurance invoice is needed only if the commercial invoice does not show the insurance premium. The goods are declared to EU customs with the electronic H1 import declaration, which now carries the customs value data (usually the transaction value) instead of the old DV1 form. A certificate of non-preferential origin is required only where the rules opening certain agricultural quotas say so; for measures such as anti-dumping duties, customs may ask for other proof of origin.
Products outside the EU–Türkiye customs union, namely agricultural products of HS chapters 01 to 24 and steel products of chapters 72 and 73, receive the preferential (reduced or zero) duty only with a proof of preferential origin; for these products Türkiye belongs to the pan-Euro-Mediterranean group. The proof is either an origin declaration drawn up by the exporter on the invoice or another commercial document (invoice declaration), or a EUR.1 or EUR-MED movement certificate that a competent public authority issues and the exporter provides. It is required when the import declaration is lodged, so the EU importer must hold it and be ready to present it to customs in the member state of import.
Seal products: ban on placing on the market and import conditions
Regulation (EC) No 1007/2009 bans placing products derived from seals or other pinnipeds on the EU market except those from traditional hunts of Inuit or other indigenous communities and goods of an occasional nature, meaning only personal items of travellers and their families. Indigenous-hunt products qualify only if the hunt is traditional for the community, serves its subsistence rather than mainly commercial ends and respects animal welfare, and these conditions must be met at import. Customs accept the declaration for release for free circulation only with an attesting document from a body recognised by the Commission: Greenland's APNN or the government of the Northwest Territories or of Nunavut in Canada. Separately, under Directive 83/129/EEC, commercial imports of furskins of whitecoat harp seal pups and hooded seal pups (blue-backs), and of articles made from them, are banned unless they come from traditional Inuit hunting. Only for seal products. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 2106 90 92.
CITES permits for endangered species of wild fauna and flora
Imports of endangered animal and plant species listed in the Annexes to Regulation (EC) No 338/97 (based on CITES), including parts and derivatives, are controlled both in the country of origin and in the EU. For Annex A and B species, the exporter gets an export permit from the exporting country's CITES management authority and sends a copy to the EU importer, who applies for an import permit in the destination member state; both documents accompany the goods and are shown to customs at the first point of entry. Trade in Annex A specimens for commercial purposes is prohibited unless a case-by-case exemption certificate is granted. Annex C species need an import notification plus an export permit or certificate of origin, Annex D species only an import notification. Some specimens, such as crocodilian skins and caviar, must be uniquely marked, and imports of certain species are suspended (Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/6).
Food labelling: mandatory information for consumers
Food sold in the EU must carry the mandatory information of Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011: the legal name of the food, the ingredients by descending weight with allergens highlighted, the quantity of key ingredients where required, the net quantity, a best-before or use-by date, any special storage or use conditions, the lot mark, the alcoholic strength of products with more than 1.2 % alcohol and, for processed food, a nutrition declaration (energy, fat, saturates, carbohydrate, sugars, protein, salt). Origin must be stated where omitting it could mislead, and for certain meats. On prepacked food these particulars go on the package or an attached label, clearly legible, indelible and written in the member state's official language(s), and must not mislead or claim to prevent or cure disease. Additional rules cover GM food, foods for specific groups, additives (category plus name or E number), spirit drinks, organic food and the origin of certain fresh meat.
Food and feed safety, traceability and importer responsibilities
Unsafe food or feed may not be placed on the EU market, and food and feed businesses must meet the obligations of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 at every stage of production and distribution. Imports must comply with EU food law or with conditions the EU recognises as at least equivalent, guaranteed by the exporting country's competent authority. Operators must be able to name their immediate supplier and immediate business customer (one step back, one step forward) and share this with the authorities on request; the rules stop at the EU border, but the EU importer must know who exported the product. Products must be labelled or identified to allow tracing, and stricter rules apply to goods such as animals, GMOs, fruit and vegetables, beef, fish, honey and olive oil. An operator with reason to believe imported food or feed is unsafe must start withdrawing it at once and inform the authorities.
Hygiene and border checks for food of non-animal origin
Food of non-animal origin must meet the hygiene rules of Regulation (EC) No 852/2004, which also bind food business operators in third countries: own safety monitoring, hygiene at every stage, HACCP-based procedures, registered or approved establishments and, for some products, microbiological criteria (Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005). Only food additives on the approved EU lists may be used. Under Regulations (EU) 2017/625 and 2019/1793, certain foods from certain countries face temporarily increased border checks (Annex I) or emergency measures (Annex II, with an official certificate from the competent authority of the country of origin or dispatch). These goods are notified to the border control post in advance with a Common Health Entry Document (CHED), and customs release them only against the certificate issued after the checks. For goods without a CHED, member states may require a notification of arrival in TRACES (Regulation (EU) 2024/2104).
EU authorisation for GM food and feed and for novel foods
Food or feed that consists of, contains or is produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) may be placed on the EU market, used or processed only if it is authorised and labelled under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003. The single EU-wide procedure starts with an application to a member state's competent authority, with a dossier and risk assessment prepared under Regulation (EU) No 503/2013; EFSA assesses the risk, the Commission proposes a decision and the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health approves it. Authorised products are entered in the EU register of GM food and feed, and authorisations last up to 10 years and can be renewed. A novel food, meaning one not eaten to any significant extent in the EU before 15 May 1997, may be sold only after a safety assessment and once it is on the Union list, under the conditions of use and labelling set there (Regulations (EU) 2015/2283 and 2017/2470).
Food with a contaminant at a toxicologically unacceptable level may not be placed on the EU market, and contaminants must be kept as low as good practice reasonably allows (Regulation (EEC) No 315/93). Regulation (EU) 2023/915 sets maximum levels, in foods such as nuts, dried fruit, cereals, spices, milk, fish and baby food, for mycotoxins (for example aflatoxins and ochratoxin A), plant toxins, metals, dioxins, PCBs and perfluoroalkyl substances, process contaminants like PAHs, and others including nitrates and melamine. A food listed in its Annex I that exceeds a limit may not be sold, used as an ingredient or blended with compliant food, nor chemically treated to strip out the contaminant. Specific EU measures target certain contaminants, such as aflatoxins, in food from certain third countries. Member state authorities check compliance under Regulations (EU) 2017/625 and 2022/932, and Regulation (Euratom) 2016/52 sets radioactivity limits after a nuclear accident.
Import conditions and border checks for food of animal origin
Food of animal origin may enter the EU only from a third country listed for that product, where such a list exists (Regulation (EU) 2021/405), and, for most products, from an establishment on the EU's approved lists (Regulation (EU) 2022/2292). Each consignment carries an official certificate on the EU model for the product, signed by the exporting country's competent authority. Production follows the hygiene rules of Regulations (EC) No 852/2004 and No 853/2004, including HACCP-based procedures, microbiological criteria and the cold chain, as well as EU animal health and slaughter welfare rules. The operator notifies the border control post in advance with a Common Health Entry Document (CHED); documentary, identity and physical checks follow under Regulation (EU) 2017/625, and customs release the goods for free circulation only against the official certificate issued after the checks. Imports may be suspended if a health risk arises. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 2106 90 51, 2106 90 59, 2106 90 92, 2106 90 98.
Veterinary medicine residue limits for food of animal origin
Food of animal origin may be exported to the EU only from countries on the residues list in Annex -I to Regulation (EU) 2021/405, which requires an annual residue monitoring plan approved by the Commission; the list is set by product category and includes Türkiye for some of them. Residues of pharmacologically active substances must stay within the EU maximum residue limits (MRLs) of Regulation (EU) No 37/2010. A consignment is rejected if it exceeds an MRL, contains a substance with no EU MRL or a prohibited one above its performance limit, or comes from animals given substances banned by Directive 96/22/EC, such as stilbenes or thyrostats. Antimicrobials reserved for human treatment may not be used for animals or animal products exported to the EU; from 3 September 2026 these must come from a country listed in Annex XVIa to Regulation (EU) 2021/405 with an official certificate (Regulation (EU) 2023/905). Member state laboratories may sample consignments on import. Applies only to animal-origin products meant as human food.
REACH registration, authorisation and restriction of chemicals
REACH (Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006) covers in principle all chemicals placed on the EU market, on their own, in mixtures or in articles like furniture, clothing or electrical appliances. A company that manufactures or imports a substance at one tonne or more a year must register it with the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) with a technical dossier, plus a chemical safety report from 10 tonnes a year; unregistered substances may not be placed on the market. Substances of very high concern in Annex XIV are subject to authorisation, the Annex XVII restrictions bind everyone in the supply chain, and the persistent organic pollutants listed in Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 may not be imported. A supplier of an article containing a Candidate List substance above 0.1 % by weight must give recipients enough information for safe use, at least the substance name, and provide it to consumers free of charge within 45 days of a request.
Marketing and import authorisation for medicinal products for human use
Medicinal products for human use need a marketing authorisation to be sold in the EU, issued by a member state's competent authority or the European Medicines Agency to an applicant established in the EU (Directive 2001/83/EC). Homeopathic medicines may follow a simplified procedure of the importing member state, and traditional herbal medicines a simplified traditional-use registration with national authorities (Directive 2004/24/EC). The importer needs an import authorisation from the importing member state and a qualified person responsible for fully testing each imported batch. Packaging and leaflets are checked before authorisation and use the member state's official language(s); the name also appears in Braille, and homeopathic products have specific labelling rules. The authorisation holder runs a pharmacovigilance system, reporting suspected serious adverse reactions to EudraVigilance within 15 days and others within 90 days. Applies only to homeopathic and traditional herbal medicines. Under this code it applies only to CN codes 2106 90 92, 2106 90 98.
Authorisation and labelling of plant protection and biocidal products
Plant protection products and biocidal products must be authorised before sale in the EU, and their active substances must be approved. Plant protection products are authorised under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 by the member state where they will be marketed, based on a dossier; their labels follow Regulation (EU) No 547/2011 (Regulation (EU) 2026/1123 for applications from 1 January 2028) and must include a digital label by 1 January 2030. Biocidal products are authorised under Regulation (EU) No 528/2012 nationally with mutual recognition, at Union level or by a simplified procedure. A biocide label shows each active substance and its concentration, the authorisation number and holder, directions for use, side effects, first aid and safe disposal, and may not carry claims such as non-toxic or natural. CLP rules also apply, and member states may ask for consignment arrivals to be notified in TRACES.
Organic products: certification and certificate of inspection (voluntary)
Selling a product as organic is voluntary, but any product bearing the EU organic logo or another reference to organic production must fully meet Regulation (EU) 2018/848: its production, processing, packaging, transport and storage rules, the GMO ban and operator certification. Imports qualify via a trade agreement recognising equivalence (Chile, Switzerland, the United Kingdom), via recognition of the exporting country until 31 December 2026 (Regulation (EU) 2021/2325) or, for other countries such as Türkiye, via certification by a control authority or body recognised by the EU (Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2021/1378). Each consignment needs a certificate of inspection issued in the exporting country under Regulation (EU) 2021/2306, which the importer submits in TRACES before arrival. Member state authorities check every consignment's documents, make random identity and risk-based physical checks, and endorse the certificate before release for free circulation.
اسلوونیF26-155209بازجایگزین تأمین‌کنندهپیش‌بینی‌شده